Introduction Abortion was legal and available at one facility in Mississippi before the June 2022 United States Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. Residents’ awareness of abortion’s legality and knowledge of how to obtain an abortion – indicators of one’s ability to seek abortion care if needed – may have varied by their proximity to facility-based care. Methods Between September 2020 and February 2021, we used social media to recruit Mississippi residents assigned female at birth who were aged 18–45 years and not pregnant or planning pregnancy for an online survey about their reproductive healthcare access. We used multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to assess whether residing ≥ 50 miles from an abortion facility (versus < 50 miles) was associated with three indicators that support one’s ability to seek care: awareness of legality, knowledge of a facility, and awareness of self-managed abortion in the community. Results Of 565 respondents, 262 lived < 50 miles and 303 lived ≥ 50 miles from a facility. Overall, 57% believed that abortion was legal in Mississippi, 26% correctly identified an abortion facility, and 29% had heard about self-managed abortion in their community. Those who lived ≥ 50 miles (vs < 50 miles) from a facility were less often aware that abortion was legal (49% versus 67%; Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.95) and less often able to identify an abortion facility (15% versus 38%; PR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.38–0.72). There was not a detectable difference in awareness of self-managed abortion between distance groups (32% versus 25%; p = 0.104). Conclusions Many Mississippians face information barriers about abortion legality and location of an abortion facility, particularly those living further from care. Policy Implications Following implementation of Mississippi’s law prohibiting most abortions, efforts to bridge existing and new information gaps about abortion will be needed to support residents’ reproductive autonomy.